News Express: UM Macao Humanities Forum discusses literary interpretation and allegorical traditions in Chinese and Western literature

新聞快訊:澳大鏡海人文論壇探討中西文學闡釋與諷寓傳統

 

張隆溪
Zhang Longxi

 


澳大鏡海人文論壇探討中西文學闡釋與諷寓傳統

澳門大學人文學院於2025年3月10日舉辦“鏡海人文論壇”,由北京大學燕京學堂礪德講席教授、湖南師範大學瀟湘學者比較文學特聘教授張隆溪以“意在言外和諷寓解釋”為題發表演講,吸引眾多師生參與。

澳大人文學院助理院長鄺耀基致歡迎辭時指,澳門是“以中華文化為主流、多元文化共存的交流合作基地”。是次論壇的主題與東西文化對比有關,涉及多個人文範疇,恰與澳門在中西文化交流過程中擔當的重要角色相合。澳大人文學院副院長張健介紹了張隆溪的學術背景及成就,指出他長期致力於中西文學和文化比較研究,出版中英文專著20餘部,發表數百篇論文,被譽為“中西方文化的擺渡者”,也是一個時代知識分子的縮影。透過他的求學經歷,師生可以看到知識分子在特殊境遇中自強不息的努力過程。

張隆溪從寫作《中國文學史》的動機談起,指出19世紀末到20世紀初,西方文學長期在世界文學中佔據主導地位。如今,伴隨著中國國際地位和影響力的提升,海外對中國文學興趣日增,對中國文學的介紹卻仍有缺失。他強調,西方學界長期以來將中國文化置於西方文化的對立面,從而導致對中國文學傳統的闡釋不足。西方學界普遍認為中國的傳統文學僅有紀實功能,不存在西方文學傳統中的想像和虛構,忽視了中國“意在言外”的傳統。他向聽眾講解了傳統“儒”、“道”思想對“言”與“意”關係的闡釋,梳理傳統經學對語言的否定如何進入文學批評,並使“意在言外”成為中國傳統文人創作追求的過程。他亦借清代詩人沈德潛的論述強調,中西方同樣意識到讀者在多元闡釋中的作用,但與西方絕對的相對主義不同,中國傳統文學批評認為讀者對文本的詮釋存在高下之分、深淺之別。張隆溪表示,通過比較西方對《荷馬史詩》的批判以及中國文人對唐代詩人李白詩歌的評價,中西方對詩歌的批評在諸多方面亦具有相似性。

在問答環節,澳大師生就非語音文字是否一定能避免邏各斯中心主義、《莊子.外物》篇“得意而忘言”中“得意”的內涵等內容,與張隆溪進行深入探討。張隆溪強調,無論採取哪種視角,文學闡釋須立足上下文語境與歷史環境,尋找充分的證據支撐論點。

是次論壇為“鏡海人文論壇”2024/2025學年的第五講。論壇每學年都會邀請不同領域的知名人文學者,與師生分享前沿研究成果。過往的論壇主題涵蓋文學、語言學、歷史、翻譯、藝術等多個領域。

欲瀏覽官網版可登入以下連結:
https://www.um.edu.mo/zh-hant/news-and-press-releases/press-release/detail/60773/


UM Macao Humanities Forum discusses literary interpretation and allegorical traditions in Chinese and Western literature

The Faculty of Arts and Humanities (FAH) of the University of Macau (UM) held the Macao Humanities Forum on 10 March 2025, where Zhang Longxi, Li De Chair Professor at Yenching Academy of Peking University and Xiaoxiang Chair Professor of Comparative Literature at Hunan Normal University, delivered a lecture titled ‘Meaning Beyond the Text and Allegorical Interpretation’. The lecture attracted a large audience of students and faculty.

Speaking at the event, Joaquim Kuong, assistant dean of FAH, highlighted Macao’s role as a hub for exchange and cooperation where Chinese culture is the mainstream and diverse cultures coexist. He noted that the theme of the forum was related to the comparison of Eastern and Western cultures and involved various disciplines of the humanities, which was in line with Macao’s important role in the cultural exchange between the East and the West. Zhang Jian, associate dean of FAH, introduced Prof Zhang Longxi’s academic background and achievements, as well as his long-standing dedication to the comparative study of Chinese and Western literature and culture. With over 20 monographs published in both Chinese and English and hundreds of academic papers, Prof Zhang Longxi is also known as ‘the ferryman between Chinese and Western cultures’. His academic journey exemplifies the perseverance of intellectuals in difficult times, and serves as an inspiration to students and faculty.

During the lecture, Prof Zhang Longxi began by discussing his motivation for writing the book A History of Chinese Literature, highlighting the historical dominance of Western literature in the global literary landscape in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He pointed out that with China’s rising global influence, international interest in Chinese literature has grown, but there remain significant gaps in its reception and interpretation. Prof Zhang also criticised the long-standing Western academic tendency to contrast Chinese and Western cultures, which often leads to an inadequate understanding of Chinese literary traditions. He noted that Western scholars often perceive traditional Chinese literature as primarily documentary, lacking the imaginative and fictional qualities central to Western literary traditions. This misconception, he argued, disregards the Chinese aesthetic ideal of ‘meaning beyond texts’. Prof Zhang then explored the philosophical roots of this concept in Confucian and Taoist thought, tracing how the scepticism of classical scholarship towards language shaped literary criticism and made ‘meaning beyond texts’ a key concern of Chinese literati. Drawing on the arguments of the Qing dynasty poet Shen Deqian, Prof Zhang pointed out that both Eastern and Western traditions recognise the role of the reader in rendering multiple interpretations. However, unlike the absolute relativism found in Western literary theory, traditional Chinese literary criticism recognises differences in the depth and quality of readers’ interpretations. By comparing Western criticism of the Homeric epics with Chinese literary criticism of the poetry of the Tang dynasty poet Li Bai, Prof Zhang highlighted the similarities between Chinese and the Western poetic criticism.

During the Q&A session, UM students and faculty engaged in in-depth discussions with Prof Zhang Longxi on issues such as whether non-phonetic writing systems can inherently avoid logocentrism and the notion of ‘deyi’ (literally, apprehending the ideas of words) in the chapter ‘External Things’ of the Zhuangzi. Prof Zhang emphasised that literary interpretation, regardless of perspective, must be grounded in the textual and historical context and supported by substantial evidence.

This was the fifth lecture of the Macao Humanities Forum for the 2024/2025 academic year. Each year, the forum invites prominent scholars in different fields of the humanities to share their latest research findings with students and faculty members in Macao. Previous lectures of the forum have covered a wide range of topics, including literature, linguistics, history, translation, and arts.

To read the news on UM’s official website, please visit the following link:
https://www.um.edu.mo/news-and-press-releases/press-release/detail/60773/